l -Arginine and Cationic Amino Acid Transporter 2B Regulate Growth and Survival of Leishmania amazonensis Amastigotes in Macrophages

L-arginine and cationic amino acid transporter 2B regulate growth and survival of Leishmania amazonensis amastigotes in macrophages.

Leishmania spp. are obligate intracellular parasites, requiring a suitable microenvironment for their growth within host cells. We previously reported that the growth of Leishmania amazonensis amastigotes in murine macrophages (Mphis) was enhanced in the presence of gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), a Th1 cytokine normally associated with classical Mphi activation and killing of intracellular patho...

Amastigotes in Macrophages Leishmania amazonensis Survival of Transporter 2B Regulate Growth and l-Arginine and Cationic Amino Acid

Destruction of Leishmania mexicana amazonensis amastigotes within macrophages by lysosomotropic amino acid esters

Leishmania amastigotes parasitize almost exclusively the mononuclear phagocytes of mammals. The organisms survive and multiply within acidified vacuoles (parasitophorous vacuoles; p.v.) akin to phagolysosomes. Certain amino acid esters are known to accumulate in and disrupt lysosomes. We postulated that, since Leishmania possess lysosome-like organelles, they may be susceptible to the potential...

L-arginine availability and arginase activity: Characterization of amino acid permease 3 in Leishmania amazonensis

BACKGROUND Leishmania uses the amino acid L-arginine as a substrate for arginase, enzyme that produces urea and ornithine, last precursor of polyamine pathway. This pathway is used by the parasite to replicate and it is essential to establish the infection in the mammalian host. L-arginine is not synthesized by the parasite, so its uptake occurs through the amino acid permease 3 (AAP3). AAP3 is...

Cationic Amino Acid Transporters and Salmonella Typhimurium ArgT Collectively Regulate Arginine Availability towards Intracellular Salmonella Growth

Cationic amino acid transporters (mCAT1 and mCAT2B) regulate the arginine availability in macrophages. How in the infected cell a pathogen can alter the arginine metabolism of the host remains to be understood. We reveal here a novel mechanism by which Salmonella exploit mCAT1 and mCAT2B to acquire host arginine towards its own intracellular growth within antigen presenting cells. We demonstrat...